Prevalence of psychotropic medication use among German and Austrian nursing home residents: a comparison of 3 cohorts.

BACKGROUND Despite increasing knowledge about the limited effectiveness and severe adverse effects, the prescription rate of psychotropic medications in frail elderly persons remains high. Prescriptions are mainly made to control behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, although factors associated with prescriptions are rarely reported. However, such information is a prerequisite to develop intervention programs aiming to safely reduce psychotropic medication in nursing home residents. METHODS We report the comparison of cross-sectional data of psychotropic medication prescription rates from 3 large studies including nursing home residents in Germany and Austria. We aimed to compare the prevalence of (1) psychotropic medication, (2) different classes of psychotropic medication, (3) psychotropic medication administered for bedtime use, and (4) associations between prescription of psychotropics and institutional and residents' characteristics. Confidence intervals of prevalences and multiple logistic regression analyses were adjusted for cluster correlation. RESULTS Data from 5336 residents in 136 long term care facilities were included. In Austria, 74.6% (95% CI 72.0-77.2%) of all residents had a prescription of at least one psychotropic medication compared to Germany with about 51.8% (95% CI 48.3-55.2%) and 52.4% (95% CI 48.7-56.1%). Of all antipsychotics, 66% (Austria) and 47% (Germany) were prescribed for bedtime use. Most prescriptions were conventional, low-potency antipsychotics. In all 3 studies, there was no statistically significant association between psychotropic medication prescription and nursing home characteristics. On the level of residents, consistent positive associations were found for higher level of care dependency and permanent restlessness. Consistent negative associations were found for older age and male gender. CONCLUSION Frequency of psychotropic and especially antipsychotic medication is substantial in nursing home residents in Germany and Austria. The high number of prescriptions is likely to be an indicator for a perceived or actual lack of strategies to handle behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.